Article: Top 10 Immigration Stories of 2019 By Kevin Johnson

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Top 10 Immigration Stories of 2019
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</h3><h4>by <a href=”http://discuss.ilw.com/content.php?8433-Article-Professor-Peter-Margulies-Refugee-Executive-Order-Update-The-Supreme-Court-Hands-Each-Side-a-Partial-Victory.-By-Kevin-Johnson#bio”>


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Kevin Johnson
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Monday, December 16, 2019

<h3><a href=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/immigration/2019/12/top-10-immigration-stories-of-2019.html”>Top 10 Immigration Stories of 2019</a></h3>

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 By <a href=”#”>Immigration Prof</a>

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 <a class=”asset-img-link” href=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/.a/6a00d8341bfae553ef0240a4f50050200b-pi” style=”display: inline;”><img alt=”Trump” border=”0″ class=”asset asset-image at-xid-6a00d8341bfae553ef0240a4f50050200b image-full img-responsive” src=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/.a/6a00d8341bfae553ef0240a4f50050200b-800wi” title=”Trump”></a> 
2019 had many big immigration stories.  The big news at the ImmigrationProf blog was the addition of a new superstar blogger.<a href=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/immigration/2019/04/welcome-professor-ming-hsu-chen-to-the-immigrationprof-blog.html” style=”color: #007dbb; text-decoration: none; transition-delay: 0s; transition-duration: 0.3s; transition-property: color; transition-timing-function: ease-out;”>  Welcome Professor Ming Hsu Chen to the ImmigrationProf Blog!</a>
If one is looking simply at changes to U.S. immigration law and policy, the biggest immigration news story of 2019 (like 2017 and 2018) unquestionably was President Donald Trump.  He probably has been the biggest immigration news story since his inauguration in January 2017.  For better or worse, no modern U.S. President has made immigration the priority that Trump has day in and day out.  President Trump is a virtually endless source of immigration comments, insults, tweets, and policy initiatives.   Law professors are indebted to the President for providing fodder for law review articles for many years to come.  
<span style=”color: #000000; font-family: georgia,palatino; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;”>In addition to President Trump, here are my <span style=”color: #000000; font-family: georgia,palatino; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;”>Top 10 Immigration News Stories from 2019, followed with some awards.  
 
<a class=”asset-img-link” href=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/.a/6a00d8341bfae553ef0240a4f501fd200b-pi” style=”display: inline;”><img alt=”Suporme court” border=”0″ class=”asset asset-image at-xid-6a00d8341bfae553ef0240a4f501fd200b img-responsive” src=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/.a/6a00d8341bfae553ef0240a4f501fd200b-800wi” title=”Suporme court”> </a>
1.  Immigration in the Supreme Court
A wide array of immigration cases continue to make their way to the Supreme Court.  The biggest immigration case of the 2019 Term will decide the future of President Obama’s <a href=”https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deferred_Action_for_Childhood_Arrivals”>Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals</a> (DACA) policy.  In November, the Court heard oral arguments in three consolidated DACA cases in which the lower courts enjoined the Trump administration’s attempted rescission of DACA.  See the <a href=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/immigration/2019/11/argument-recap-in-daca-cases.html” style=”outline: 0px; transition: color 0.3s ease-out; text-align: left; color: #0088cc; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; outline-offset: -2px;”>Argument Recap in DACA Cases</a>.   A ruling in the case is expected at the end of the Term in June.  I predict a 5-4 vote.  Expect fireworks whatever the outcome.  Stay tuned!
The high Court has before it a full array of immigration issues, including the availability of damages for cross-border shootings, <a href=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/immigration/2019/12/supreme-court-oral-argument-analysis-justices-consider-federal-courts-statutory-authority-to-review-.html”>judicial review of a variety of immigration decisions</a>, federal versus state power over immigration, the legality of expedited removal, and more.  For an overview of the Supreme Court’s 2019 Term immigration docket, see <a href=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/immigration/2019/11/1-the-daca-cases-there-are-three-consolidated-cases-in-which-three-circuits-found-that-the-trump-administrations-rescis.html” style=”outline: 0px; transition: color 0.3s ease-out; text-align: left; color: #0088cc; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; outline-offset: -2px;”>Immigration in the Supreme Court, 2019 Term: DACA, Judicial Review, Federalism, Etc. </a>
<p style=”color: #000000; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;”> <a class=”asset-img-link” href=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/.a/6a00d8341bfae553ef0240a4a7d695200c-pi” style=”display: inline;”><img alt=”330px-Official_roberts_CJ” border=”0″ class=”asset asset-image at-xid-6a00d8341bfae553ef0240a4a7d695200c img-responsive” src=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/.a/6a00d8341bfae553ef0240a4a7d695200c-800wi” title=”330px-Official_roberts_CJ”></a> 
<p style=”color: #000000; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;”>In a blockbuster decision at the end of the last Term in June, the Supreme Court by a 5-4 vote held that the Department of Commerce had provided unconvincing reasoning for adding a question on U.S. citizenship to the 2020 Census.  The Trump administration had made the addition of a citizenship question a high priority.   Joining the liberal justices, <a href=”https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Roberts”>Chief Justice John Roberts</a> wrote for the majority.  For an explanation of why he sided with the liberals, see <a href=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/immigration/2019/06/department-of-commerce-v-new-york-why-the-supreme-court-asked-for-an-explanation-of-the-2020-census-.html” style=”transition: color 0.3s ease-out; text-align: left; color: #007dbb; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;”>Department of Commerce v. New York: Why the Supreme Court asked for an explanation of the 2020 census citizenship question</a>.  Many Court watchers were surprised by the outcome of the Census case.  <a href=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/immigration/2019/07/breaking-news-us-drops-fight-to-add-census-citizenship-question-ny-says.html”>To add to the surprises, the Trump administration announced a few weeks after the decision that it was throwing in the towel on the citizenship question; consequently, the 2020 Census will not have a citizenship question</a>.
<p style=”color: #000000; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;”> 
<p style=”color: #000000; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;”><a class=”asset-img-link” href=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/.a/6a00d8341bfae553ef0240a4f614da200b-pi” style=”display: inline;”><img alt=”90″ border=”0″ class=”asset asset-image at-xid-6a00d8341bfae553ef0240a4f614da200b image-full img-responsive” src=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/.a/6a00d8341bfae553ef0240a4f614da200b-800wi” title=”90″></a>
<p style=”box-sizing: border-box; color: #666666; font-family: &quot; din-2014&quot;,&quot;helvetica neue&quot;,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 0.87rem; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.2; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;”>President Donald Trump, Department of Homeland Security Secretary Kirstjen Nielsen, and Vice President Michael Pence.  <a href=”https://www.politico.com/story/2019/03/04/kirstjen-nielsen-donald-trump-wrath-1200602″>Photo courtesy of Ron Sachs-Pool/Getty Images</a>
<p style=”box-sizing: border-box; color: #666666; font-family: &quot; din-2014&quot;,&quot;helvetica neue&quot;,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 0.87rem; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.2; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;”> 
<p style=”color: #000000; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;”><a class=”asset-img-link” href=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/.a/6a00d8341bfae553ef0240a4d05f11200d-pi” style=”display: inline;”><img alt=”Chad” border=”0″ class=”asset asset-image at-xid-6a00d8341bfae553ef0240a4d05f11200d img-responsive” src=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/.a/6a00d8341bfae553ef0240a4d05f11200d-800wi” title=”Chad”></a>
<p style=”color: #000000; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;”><a href=”https://www.dhs.gov/person/chad-f-wolf”>Chad Wolf</a>
<p style=”color: #000000; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;”> <a class=”asset-img-link” href=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/.a/6a00d8341bfae553ef0240a4d09b9a200d-pi” style=”display: inline;”><img alt=”Th” border=”0″ class=”asset asset-image at-xid-6a00d8341bfae553ef0240a4d09b9a200d img-responsive” src=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/.a/6a00d8341bfae553ef0240a4d09b9a200d-800wi” title=”Th”></a> 
2.  Turnover in DHS Leadership
2019 saw a game of musical chairs in the office of the Secretary of the Department of Homeland Security.  In April,<a href=”https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirstjen_Nielsen”> Kirstjen Nielsen</a>, <a href=”https://www.politico.com/story/2019/03/04/kirstjen-nielsen-donald-trump-wrath-1200602″>rumored to be on the outs with President Trump</a>, stepped down.  See <a href=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/immigration/2019/10/former-department-of-homeland-secretary-kirstjen-nielsen-explains-resignation.html” style=”outline: 0px; transition: color 0.3s ease-out; text-align: left; color: #0088cc; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; outline-offset: -2px;”>Former Department of Homeland Secretary Kirstjen Nielsen Explains Resignation.</a>  Next, the Acting DHS Secretary, <a href=”https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_McAleenan”>Kevin McAleenan</a>, resigned.  See <a href=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/immigration/2019/10/breaking-news-acting-dhs-secretary-mcaleenan-resigns.html” style=”outline: 0px; transition: color 0.3s ease-out; text-align: left; color: #0088cc; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; outline-offset: -2px;”>Breaking News: Acting DHS Secretary McAleenan Resigns</a>. He was replaced by another <a href=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/immigration/2019/11/chad-wolf-sworn-in-as-acting-dhs-secretary-cucinelli-tapped-as-deputy.html”>Acting Secretary, Chad Wolf</a>, who at least for now remains in the position.
 
<a class=”asset-img-link” href=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/.a/6a00d8341bfae553ef0240a4d05f18200d-pi” style=”display: inline;”><img alt=”Barr” border=”0″ class=”asset asset-image at-xid-6a00d8341bfae553ef0240a4d05f18200d img-responsive” src=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/.a/6a00d8341bfae553ef0240a4d05f18200d-800wi” title=”Barr”></a>
3.  William Barr Replaces Jeff Sessions as Attorney General
<p style=”color: #000000; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;”>Who is the smiling man in the picture above?  He is the current Attorney General of the United States,  Judging from the picture, the current administration makes him happy.
<p style=”color: #000000; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;”>In February, <a href=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/immigration/2019/02/william-barr-sworn-in-as-attorney-general.html” style=”outline: 0px; transition: color 0.3s ease-out; text-align: left; color: #0088cc; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; outline-offset: -2px;”>William Barr was sworn in as Attorney General.</a>  He replaced <a href=”https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeff_Sessions”>Jeff Sessions</a>, who had made enforcement of the U.S. immigration laws a high priority.  President Trump had <a href=”https://www.cbsnews.com/news/sean-spicer-declines-to-say-how-much-confidence-trump-has-in-jeff-sessions/”>reportedly lost confidence</a> in Sessions.  Barr previously served as Attorney General under President George W. Bush. 
<p style=”color: #000000; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;”>The Attorney General, of course, heads the Department of Justice, which houses the <a href=”https://www.justice.gov/eoir”>Executive Office of Immigration Review </a>(the home of the immigration courts and Board of Immigration Appeals (BIA)).  
<p style=”color: #000000; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;”>Like Attorney General Sessions, Barr has intervened in cases before the BIA to narrow relief for removal.  <a href=”https://www.justice.gov/file/1187856/download”>See, e.g., L-E-A-, 27 I. & N. Dec. 581 </a>(AG July 29, 2019) (narrowing “membership in a particular social group” for purposes of asylum).  Put simply, do not expect any slowing down of immigration enforcement under Attorney General Barr.  
 
<a class=”asset-img-link” href=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/.a/6a00d8341bfae553ef0240a4f53fac200b-pi” style=”display: inline;”><img alt=”Dolly_M._Gee_District_Judge” border=”0″ class=”asset asset-image at-xid-6a00d8341bfae553ef0240a4f53fac200b img-responsive” src=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/.a/6a00d8341bfae553ef0240a4f53fac200b-800wi” title=”Dolly_M._Gee_District_Judge”></a>
<span style=”color: #111111; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;”><a href=”https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolly_M._Gee”>Judge Dolly Gee</a>
4.  Flores Settlement
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The Flores settlement, agreed to by the U.S. government under President Clinton in 1997, governs the detention of migrant children and <span style=”color: #111111; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;”>generally bars minors from lengthy and indefinite immigrant detention. The settlement made the news regularly in 2019. A short and sweet summary of the Flores settlement can be found at <a href=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/immigration/2019/08/the-conversation-a-short-explanation-of-the-flores-settlement-and-its-possibel-demise.html” style=”outline: 0px; transition: color 0.3s ease-out; text-align: left; color: #0088cc; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; outline-offset: -2px;”>The Conversation: A Short Explanation of the Flores Settlement and Its Possible Demise</a>. 
 
Throughout 2019, President Trump continued his effort to abrogate the Flores settlement. He has sought to detain migrant children, and all other migrants, indefinitely while their cases move forward in the immigration courts.  <a href=”https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolly_M._Gee”>Judge Dolly Gee</a>, who is monitoring the Flores settlement, rejected the latest effort to end the settlement.  See <a href=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/immigration/2019/09/federal-court-rejects-trump-administrations-effort-to-end-flores-settlement.html” style=”color: #0088cc; outline-color: invert; outline-offset: -2px; outline-style: none; outline-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-delay: 0s; transition-duration: 0.3s; transition-property: color; transition-timing-function: ease-out;”>Federal Court Rejects Trump Administration’s Effort to End Flores Settlement;</a> <a href=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/immigration/2019/08/ninth-circuit-rejects-trump-administration-challeng-to-flores-settlement-holds-that-soap-toothbrushe.html” style=”outline: 0px; transition: color 0.3s ease-out; text-align: left; color: #0088cc; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; outline-offset: -2px;”>Ninth Circuit Rejects Trump Administration’s Latest Challenge to Flores Settlement, Holds that Soap, Toothbrushes, and Toothpaste Cannot Be Denied Migrants</a>. 
 
The bottom line:  The Flores settlement remains in place and no doubt will be in the news in 2020 as the Trump administration continues to utilize detention in its immigration enforcement efforts. 
</div>
<a class=”asset-img-link” href=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/.a/6a00d8341bfae553ef0240a4a77b54200c-pi” style=”display: inline;”><img alt=”USCIS_Logo-2x” border=”0″ class=”asset asset-image at-xid-6a00d8341bfae553ef0240a4a77b54200c img-responsive” src=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/.a/6a00d8341bfae553ef0240a4a77b54200c-800wi” title=”USCIS_Logo-2x”></a>
5.  Public Charge and Other Trump Immigration Policy Initiatives
<p style=”color: #000000; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;”>The Trump administration continued to press forward with new immigration enforcement efforts.  There are literally too many to list all of the Trump immigration initiatives.  But here are a few.
<p style=”color: #000000; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;”>The Trump administration proposed a <a href=”https://www.uscis.gov/greencard/public-charge”>new, stricter approach to the public charge exclusion</a> under the immigration laws.  <a href=”https://www.vox.com/2019/8/12/20802613/trump-public-charge-immigration-rule-change-explained-marielena-hincapie”>The proposed rule has been criticized</a> for making it too tough on immigrants of low- and moderate-incomes to come, or stay in, the United States.  The Ninth Circuit — and <a href=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/immigration/2019/12/second-appeals-court-backs-lifting-injunction-on-trump-public-charge-rule.html”>later the Fourth Circuit</a> — stayed a nationwide injunction barring implementation of the proposed rule.  See <a href=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/immigration/2019/12/ninth-circuit-stays-injunction-of-trump-public-charge-rule.html” style=”outline: 0px; transition: color 0.3s ease-out; text-align: left; color: #0088cc; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; outline-offset: -2px;”>Ninth Circuit Stays Injunction of Trump Public Charge Rule</a>; <a href=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/immigration/2019/10/as-ming-chen-blogged-yesterday-a-federal-court-has-enjoined-the-trump-administrations-public-charge-rule-from-going-into-eff.html” style=”outline: #333333 dotted thin; transition: color 0.3s ease-out; text-align: left; color: #005580; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; outline-offset: -2px;”>The Nationwide Injunction in the Public Charge Case; </a><a href=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/immigration/2019/10/breaking-news-public-charge-rule-enjoined.html” style=”outline: 0px; transition: color 0.3s ease-out; text-align: left; color: #0088cc; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; outline-offset: -2px;”>Breaking news: public charge rule enjoined</a>.
<p style=”color: #000000; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;”>The Trump administration’s  <a href=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/immigration/2019/11/podcast-this-american-life-looks-at-the-remain-in-mexico-policy.html”>Remain  in Mexico policy</a>, a novel approach that makes asylum-seekers wait in Mexico for their claims to be decided, remains in place and is <a href=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/immigration/2019/10/new-data-and-report-on-remain-in-mexico.html”>controversial as ever</a>.  
<p style=”color: #000000; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;”>This year, the administration entered into agreements with El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras in an attempt to  better manage the flow of asylum seekers to the United States and deny relief to migrants who failed to seek asylum in countries on their way to the United States.  See <a href=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/immigration/2019/10/dhs-fact-sheet-dhs-agreements-with-guatemala-honduras-and-el-salvador-.html” style=”outline: 0px; transition: color 0.3s ease-out; text-align: left; color: #0088cc; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; outline-offset: -2px;”>DHS FACT SHEET: DHS AGREEMENTS WITH GUATEMALA, HONDURAS, AND EL SALVADOR</a>.
<p style=”color: #000000; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;”> 
<p style=”color: #000000; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;”> <a class=”asset-img-link” href=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/.a/6a00d8341bfae553ef0240a4d0a425200d-pi” style=”display: inline;”><img alt=”91d65d4f-84c8-4a4e-8613-02ede8453ab7-AP19219602760527″ border=”0″ class=”asset asset-image at-xid-6a00d8341bfae553ef0240a4d0a425200d img-responsive” src=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/.a/6a00d8341bfae553ef0240a4d0a425200d-800wi” title=”91d65d4f-84c8-4a4e-8613-02ede8453ab7-AP19219602760527″></a> 
<p style=”color: #000000; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;”><a href=”https://www.clarionledger.com/story/news/local/2019/08/07/immigration-ice-raids-hit-mississippi-food-processing-plants/1945057001/”>Photo courtesy of Clarion Ledger</a>
<p style=”color: #000000; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;”>Departing from the practice during the Obama administration, the Trump administration has used immigration raids as an immigration enforcement tool.  During the summer, the <a href=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/immigration/2019/07/us-communities-uneasy-as-trump-again-threatens-ice-raids-.html”>President threatened to direct Immigration & Customes Enforcement to conduct mass immigration raids in cities across the country</a>.  The threat struck fear in communities from coast to coast.  In August, the Trump administration on the first day of school conducted immigration raids at food processing plants in Mississippi.  Many children came home from school unable to find their parents.  See <a href=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/immigration/2019/08/ice-raids-in-mississippi-680-arrested.html”>ICE Raids in Mississippi, 680 Arrested</a>.
<p style=”color: #000000; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;”> 
<p style=”color: #000000; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;”> <a class=”asset-img-link” href=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/.a/6a00d8341bfae553ef0240a4d0a41d200d-pi” style=”display: inline;”><img alt=”Stephen_miller_june_2016_cropped_corrected” border=”0″ class=”asset asset-image at-xid-6a00d8341bfae553ef0240a4d0a41d200d img-responsive” src=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/.a/6a00d8341bfae553ef0240a4d0a41d200d-800wi” title=”Stephen_miller_june_2016_cropped_corrected”></a> 
<p style=”color: #000000; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;”>In November, news reports made the rounds that<a href=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/immigration/2019/11/say-it-aint-so-joe-stephen-miller-promoted-white-supremacist-anti-immigrant-articles-in-private-emai.html” style=”outline: 0px; transition: color 0.3s ease-out; text-align: left; color: #0088cc; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; outline-offset: -2px;”> senior White House aide Stephen Miller had promoted white supremacist, anti-immigrant articles in emails to Breitbart.</a>  <a href=”https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Miller_(political_advisor)”>Miller</a> has been said to be the architect of the Trump administration’s immigration policies. 
<p style=”color: #000000; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;”>In April, there were rumors that President Trump was considering the possibility of completely closing the US/Mexico border.  Business interests raised concerns.  Such a measure would dramatically affect trade as well as migration between the two neighboring nations.  In the end, the President never followed through on the threat to close the border.  See <a href=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/immigration/2019/04/trump-backs-off-threat-to-close-the-us-mexico-border.html” style=”outline: 0px; transition: color 0.3s ease-out; text-align: left; color: #0088cc; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; outline-offset: -2px;”>Trump backs off threat to close the U.S.-Mexico border</a>.
<p style=”color: #000000; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;”>The state of California continues to resist the Trump administration’s immigration enforcement efforts.  In April, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit rejected most of the administration’s challenges to California’s sanctuary laws, which sought to distance the state from federal immigration enforcement.  President Trump and others in his administration continue to rail against the public safety risks caused by sanctuary cities.  See <a href=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/immigration/2019/04/yesterday-the-us-court-of-appeals-for-the-ninth-circuit-decided-united-states-v-california-thomas-a-saenz-preside.html” style=”outline: 0px; transition: color 0.3s ease-out; text-align: left; color: #0088cc; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; outline-offset: -2px;”>Ninth Circuit Rejects Bulk of Trump Administration’s Challenge to California “Sanctuary” Laws.</a>
 
<a class=”asset-img-link” href=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/.a/6a00d8341bfae553ef0240a4f50bb9200b-pi” style=”display: inline;”><img alt=”Eoir” border=”0″ class=”asset asset-image at-xid-6a00d8341bfae553ef0240a4f50bb9200b image-full img-responsive” src=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/.a/6a00d8341bfae553ef0240a4f50bb9200b-800wi” title=”Eoir”></a>
6.  <a href=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/immigration/2019/09/immigration-courts-active-backlog-surpasses-one-million.html”>Immigration Court Backlog Hits One Million</a>
<p class=”small muted” style=”color: #999999; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;”>In September 2019, the backlog of cases in the U.S. i<a href=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/immigration/2019/09/immigration-courts-active-backlog-surpasses-one-million.html” style=”color: #111111; outline-offset: -2px; outline-style: none; outline-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: color 0.3s ease-out 0s; background-color: #ffffff;”>mmigration courts’ surpassed one million.</a>  The enormous backlog affects every noncitizen with a hearing in the immigration courts, their attorneys, and the immigration judges.  <a href=”http://immigrationimpact.com/2019/09/24/immigration-court-backlog-cases/#.XfTLzXdFw2w”>The Trump administration’s aggressive enforcement efforts</a> contributed to the rapid growth of the backlog.   Noncitizens seeking relief from removal can expect long — years in some insttances — waits for a hearing. 
 
 <a class=”asset-img-link” href=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/.a/6a00d8341bfae553ef0240a4a7411f200c-pi” style=”display: inline;”><img alt=”220px-Official_Portrait_of_President_Donald_Trump” border=”0″ class=”asset asset-image at-xid-6a00d8341bfae553ef0240a4a7411f200c img-responsive” src=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/.a/6a00d8341bfae553ef0240a4a7411f200c-800wi” title=”220px-Official_Portrait_of_President_Donald_Trump”></a> 
7.  President Trump Lowers Refugee Admissions
<p style=”color: #000000; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;”>It has been said that  the world is experiencing a <a href=”https://www.oxfamamerica.org/explore/emergencies/global-refugee-crisis/”>global refugee crisis</a>.  Still, President Trump again decreased the number of refugee admissions.  See <a href=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/immigration/2019/11/presidential-determination-on-refugee-admissions-for-fiscal-year-2020.html” style=”outline: 0px; transition: color 0.3s ease-out; text-align: left; color: #0088cc; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; outline-offset: -2px;”>Presidential Determination on Refugee Admissions for Fiscal Year 2020</a>; <a href=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/immigration/2019/09/trump-administration-sets-lowest-cap-on-refugee-admissions-in-four-decades-again.html” style=”outline: 0px; transition: color 0.3s ease-out; text-align: left; color: #0088cc; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; outline-offset: -2px;”>Trump administration sets lowest cap on refugee admissions in four decades. Again.</a>  On November 1, President Trump released the <a href=”https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/presidential-determination-refugee-admissions-fiscal-year-2020/”>Presidential Determination on Refugee Admissions for Fiscal Year 2020</a>.  It provides for “[t]he admission of up to 18,000 refugees to the United States during Fiscal Year 2020 . . . .”  (emphasis added).  Criticism followed the announcement.  In 2016, President Obama had capped refugee admissions at 85,000.
 
<a class=”asset-img-link” href=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/.a/6a00d8341bfae553ef0240a4a8672f200c-pi” style=”display: inline;”><img alt=”Marie_L._Yovanovitch” border=”0″ class=”asset asset-image at-xid-6a00d8341bfae553ef0240a4a8672f200c img-responsive” src=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/.a/6a00d8341bfae553ef0240a4a8672f200c-800wi” title=”Marie_L._Yovanovitch”></a>
<a class=”voa__show-candidate” data-name=”Marie Yovanovitch” href=”https://www.voanews.com/usa/impeachment-inquiry/immigrants-played-vital-role-trump-impeachment-hearings#” id=”MarieYovanovitch” style=”text-align: left; color: #3a79b7; text-transform: none; line-height: inherit; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: underline; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: inherit; orphans: 2; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: transparent;”>Marie Yovanovitch</a>
<iframe allowfullscreen=”” frameborder=”0″ src=”//players.brightcove.net/1155968404/r1WF6V0Pl_default/index.html?videoId=6106130816001″></iframe>
<a class=”asset-img-link” href=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/.a/6a00d8341bfae553ef0240a4f61564200b-pi” style=”display: inline;”><img alt=”330px-Fiona_Hill_MSC_2017_(cropped)” border=”0″ class=”asset asset-image at-xid-6a00d8341bfae553ef0240a4f61564200b img-responsive” src=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/.a/6a00d8341bfae553ef0240a4f61564200b-800wi” title=”330px-Fiona_Hill_MSC_2017_(cropped)”></a>
<a href=”https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiona_Hill_(presidential_advisor)”>Fiona Hill</a>
8.  Immigrants and Impeachment
<p class=”small muted” style=”color: #999999; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;”>As the nation well knows, Congress has been considering the impeachment of President Trump.   Over the last few months, Democrats and Republicans have regularly and literally been screaming at each other about impeachment.  In stark contrast, several key immigrant witnesses in the impeachment hearings kept their heads for the good of the nation.
<p class=”small muted” style=”color: #999999; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;”> 
<p class=”small muted” style=”color: #999999; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;”><a href=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/immigration/2019/11/immigrants-played-vital-role-in-trump-impeachment-hearings.html”>In hearings on the impeachment  in November, </a><a href=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/immigration/2019/11/immigrants-played-vital-role-in-trump-impeachment-hearings.html”>immigrants played a vital role</a>.  <span style=”text-align: left; color: #222f3a; text-transform: none; line-height: 1.75; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; word-spacing: 0px; display: inline !important; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; float: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;”> Ambassador <a class=”voa__show-candidate” data-name=”Marie Yovanovitch” href=”https://www.voanews.com/usa/impeachment-inquiry/immigrants-played-vital-role-trump-impeachment-hearings#” id=”MarieYovanovitch” style=”text-align: left; color: #3a79b7; text-transform: none; line-height: inherit; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: underline; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: inherit; orphans: 2; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: transparent;”>Marie Yovanovitch</a><span style=”text-align: left; color: #222f3a; text-transform: none; line-height: 1.75; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; word-spacing: 0px; display: inline !important; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; float: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;”> is the child of immigrants who fled the Soviet Union and later the Nazi occupation of Europe. Born in Canada, she grew up in Connecticut and became a naturalized U.S. citizen.  Born in Ukraine when it was part of the USSR, <span style=”text-align: left; color: #222f3a; text-transform: none; line-height: 1.75; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; word-spacing: 0px; display: inline !important; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; float: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;”>Lt. Colonel <a class=”voa__show-candidate” data-name=”Alexander Vindman” href=”https://www.voanews.com/usa/impeachment-inquiry/immigrants-played-vital-role-trump-impeachment-hearings#” id=”AlexanderVindman” style=”text-align: left; color: #3a79b7; text-transform: none; line-height: inherit; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: underline; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: inherit; orphans: 2; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: transparent;”>Alexander Vindman</a> and his family fled to the United States. He joined the U.S. Army, earning numerous commendations including a Purple Heart for wounds suffered in combat in Iraq. Vindman is the Director for European Affairs on the National Security Council (NSC).  <span style=”text-align: left; color: #222f3a; text-transform: none; line-height: 1.75; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; word-spacing: 0px; display: inline !important; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; float: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;”><a class=”voa__show-candidate” data-name=”Fiona Hill” href=”https://www.voanews.com/usa/impeachment-inquiry/immigrants-played-vital-role-trump-impeachment-hearings#” id=”FionaHill” style=”text-align: left; color: #3a79b7; text-transform: none; line-height: inherit; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: underline; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: inherit; orphans: 2; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: transparent;”>Fiona Hill</a>, who until recently served in a senior position on the NSC, opened her testimony by describing herself as “American by choice.” Born in a hardscrabble coal mining town in Northern England, Hill came to the United States, attended Harvard, and became a citizen.  All of the immigrant witnesses left enduring competent impressions and important testimony.
<p class=”small muted” style=”color: #999999; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;”> 
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<a class=”asset-img-link” href=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/.a/6a00d8341bfae553ef0240a4d06be6200d-pi” style=”display: inline;”><img alt=”Olivas” border=”0″ class=”asset asset-image at-xid-6a00d8341bfae553ef0240a4d06be6200d img-responsive” src=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/.a/6a00d8341bfae553ef0240a4d06be6200d-800wi” title=”Olivas”></a>
9.  The Retirement of Professor Michael Olivas
<p style=”color: #000000; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 10px 0px;”>One of the leading immigration scholars of his generation, <a href=”http://www.law.uh.edu/faculty/main.asp?PID=31″>Michael Olivas of the University of Houston Law Center</a>, has retired from law teaching.   Here is a <a href=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/immigration/2019/01/guest-post-celebrating-michael-olivass-retirement.html” style=”color: #0088cc; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; outline-color: invert; outline-offset: -2px; outline-style: none; outline-width: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; transition-delay: 0s; transition-duration: 0.3s; transition-property: color; transition-timing-function: ease-out; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;”>Guest Post: Celebrating Michael Olivas’s Retirement</a>.  
<p style=”color: #000000; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 10px 0px;”><span style=”text-align: left; color: #54585a; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; word-spacing: 0px; display: inline !important; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; float: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;”>At the January 2019 annual meeting, the <a href=”https://www.aals.org/”>Association of American Law Schools</a> honored Olivas with a lifetime achievement award.  See <a href=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/immigration/2019/01/more-aals-immigration-law-values-program-michael-olivas-honored.html” style=”color: #0088cc; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; outline-color: invert; outline-offset: -2px; outline-style: none; outline-width: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; transition-delay: 0s; transition-duration: 0.3s; transition-property: color; transition-timing-function: ease-out; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;”>Immigration Law Values Program, Michael Olivas Honored</a>.  
<p style=”color: #000000; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 10px 0px;”><span style=”text-align: left; color: #54585a; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; word-spacing: 0px; display: inline !important; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; float: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;”>In 2010, Olivas was the ImmigrationProf blog’s <a href=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/immigration/2010/12/immigration-professor-of-2010-michael-olivas-university-of-houston.html”>Outstanding Immigration Professor of the Year</a>.   A mentor to countless law professors, myself included, Olivas is an esteemed immigration scholar (as well as a renouwned scholar in higher education, civil rights, and other areas) . For a review of his body of work, see<a href=”https://cap-press.com/books/isbn/9781611636864/Law-Professor-and-Accidental-Historian”> </a><a href=”https://cap-press.com/books/isbn/9781611636864/Law-Professor-and-Accidental-Historian”>Law Professor and Accidental Historian:  The Scholarship of Michael A. Olivas</a> (Ediberto Roman ed., 2017).
<p style=”color: #000000; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 10px 0px;”><a href=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/immigration/2019/12/from-the-bookshelves-perchance-to-dream-a-legal-and-political-history-of-the-dream-act-and-daca-by-m.html”>Be on the lookout next June for Olivas’ latest book on the DREAM Act and DACA.</a>
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<iframe allow=”accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture” allowfullscreen=”” frameborder=”0″ height=”344″ src=”https://www.youtube.com/embed/lLIzzs2HHgY?feature=oembed” width=”459″></iframe>
<a class=”asset-img-link” href=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/.a/6a00d8341bfae553ef0240a4a84ac1200c-pi” style=”display: inline;”><img alt=”187″ border=”0″ class=”asset asset-image at-xid-6a00d8341bfae553ef0240a4a84ac1200c image-full img-responsive” src=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/.a/6a00d8341bfae553ef0240a4a84ac1200c-800wi” title=”187″></a>
<a href=”https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2019-11-06/from-the-archives-protests-against-california-proposition-187″>Photo courtesy of the Los Angeles Times</a>
10.  25th Anniversary of Proposition 187
Contrary to popular belief, California, which produced two Republic Presidents in the twentieth centiry (Richard Nixon and Ronald Reagan), was not always a sanctuary state and liberal haven.  Far from it.  In 1994, California voters passed the anti-immigrant milestone known as <a href=”https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1994_California_Proposition_187″>Proposition 187</a>, which would have barred undocumented children from the public schools and stripped undocumented immigrants of virtually all non-emergency public benefits.  <a href=”https://www.aclusocal.org/en/news/federal-judge-issues-final-ruling-prop-187-measure-unconstitutional”>A federal court enjoined most of the initiative from going into effect</a>.  Nonetheless, Proposition 187 prodded Congress in 1996 to pass two major pieces of tough immigration reform and and to eliminate immigrant eligibility for major public benefits program in welfare reform.
Times have changed and, in response to the Trump administration’s immigration initiatives, California has declared itself to be a sanctuary state.  By spurring naturalization and increasing Latinx voter turnout, Proposition 187 contributed to the political transformation of the state and the ascendancy to dominance of the Democratic Party.  For analysis of Proposition 187 and its legacy, see
<a href=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/immigration/2019/11/uc-davis-law-review-symposium-the-25th-anniversary-of-proposition-187-challenges-and-opportunities-f.html” style=”outline: 0px; transition: color 0.3s ease-out; text-align: left; color: #0088cc; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; outline-offset: -2px;”>UC Davis Law Review Symposium: The 25th Anniversary of Proposition 187: Challenges and Opportunities for Immigrant Integration and Political Identity in California</a>  Be on the lookout for the symposium issue from this conference, which will be available in spring 2020.
<a href=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/immigration/2019/11/daca-proposition-187-and-the-legacy-of-the-trump-immigration-enforcement-revolution.html” style=”outline: 0px; transition: color 0.3s ease-out; text-align: left; color: #0088cc; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; outline-offset: -2px;”>DACA, Proposition 187, and the legacy of the Trump immigration enforcement revolution</a>
<a href=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/immigration/2019/11/25-years-after-the-passage-of-californias-proposition-187-the-beginning-of-the-political-transformat.html” style=”outline: 0px; transition: color 0.3s ease-out; text-align: left; color: #0088cc; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; outline-offset: -2px;”>25 Years After The Passage of California’s Proposition 187: The Beginning of the Political Transformation of California </a>
 
<div class=”article” style=”border-bottom-color: #41b7d8; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 5px; color: #222222; font-family: &quot; open sans&quot;,&quot;proxima-nova&quot;,&quot;helvetica neue&quot;,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; margin-bottom: 40px; orphans: 2; padding-bottom: 40px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;”>
Honorable Mention
<h3 style=”color: inherit; font-family: &quot; noto serif&quot;,&quot;proxima-nova&quot;,serif; font-size: 24.5px; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 10px 0px;”>There are many other big immigration stories in 2019.  Here are a few worthy of note:</h3>
<h3 style=”color: inherit; font-family: &quot; noto serif&quot;,&quot;proxima-nova&quot;,serif; font-size: 24.5px; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 10px 0px;”> <a class=”asset-img-link” href=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/.a/6a00d8341bfae553ef0240a4a7efdf200c-pi” style=”display: inline;”><img alt=”El paso” border=”0″ class=”asset asset-image at-xid-6a00d8341bfae553ef0240a4a7efdf200c img-responsive” src=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/.a/6a00d8341bfae553ef0240a4a7efdf200c-800wi” title=”El paso”></a> </h3>
<h3 style=”color: inherit; font-family: &quot; noto serif&quot;,&quot;proxima-nova&quot;,serif; font-size: 24.5px; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 10px 0px;”>1.  <a href=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/immigration/2019/08/an-immigrant-invasion-words-used-by-members-of-congress-as-well-as-the-president-and-the-el-paso-sho.html”>An Immigrant “Invasion”: Words Used by Members of Congress as well as the President and the El Paso Shooter</a> (August):  A sniper, who in an online rant had railed about the “<a href=”https://www.washingtonpost.com/history/2019/08/05/hispanic-invasion-white-nationalist-version-texas-that-never-existed/”>Hispanic invasion</a>,” targeted — and killed — Latinx people at a shopping center in El Paso. </h3>
<h3 style=”color: inherit; font-family: &quot; noto serif&quot;,&quot;proxima-nova&quot;,serif; font-size: 24.5px; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 10px 0px;”> </h3>
<a class=”asset-img-link” href=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/.a/6a00d8341bfae553ef0240a4a7efee200c-pi” style=”display: inline;”><img alt=”Cropped-crosses-masthead” border=”0″ class=”asset asset-image at-xid-6a00d8341bfae553ef0240a4a7efee200c image-full img-responsive” src=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/.a/6a00d8341bfae553ef0240a4a7efee200c-800wi” title=”Cropped-crosses-masthead”></a>
<h3 style=”color: inherit; font-family: &quot; noto serif&quot;,&quot;proxima-nova&quot;,serif; font-size: 24.5px; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 10px 0px;”>2.  <a href=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/immigration/2019/11/news-from-teh-usmexico-border-jury-acquits-no-more-deaths-volunteer-of-felony-harboring-charges.html” style=”outline: 0px; transition: color 0.3s ease-out; text-align: left; color: #0088cc; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; outline-offset: -2px;”>News from the US/Mexico Border: JURY ACQUITS NO MORE DEATHS VOLUNTEER OF FELONY HARBORING CHARGES</a> (November):  The Trump administration loses a criminal prosecution of a humanitarian worker seeking to save migrant lives.  One can only wonder whether there were better types of cases for the U.S. government to prosecute.</h3>
<h3 style=”color: inherit; font-family: &quot; noto serif&quot;,&quot;proxima-nova&quot;,serif; font-size: 24.5px; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 10px 0px;”> </h3>
 
<a class=”asset-img-link” href=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/.a/6a00d8341bfae553ef0240a4a7effb200c-pi” style=”display: inline;”><img alt=”Sign” border=”0″ class=”asset asset-image at-xid-6a00d8341bfae553ef0240a4a7effb200c img-responsive” src=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/.a/6a00d8341bfae553ef0240a4a7effb200c-800wi” title=”Sign”></a>
<h3 style=”color: inherit; font-family: &quot; noto serif&quot;,&quot;proxima-nova&quot;,serif; font-size: 24.5px; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 10px 0px;”>3.  <a href=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/immigration/2019/11/death-on-the-border-npr-when-migrants-die-many-bodies-remain-unidentified.html” style=”color: #0088cc; outline-color: invert; outline-offset: -2px; outline-style: none; outline-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-delay: 0s; transition-duration: 0.3s; transition-property: color; transition-timing-function: ease-out;”>Death on the Border: NPR report: When Migrants Die, Many Bodies Remain Unidentified</a>:  This is not really a news story.  In fact, deaths have been a fact of life for decades along the US/Mexico border.  I include it here lest we forget that migrantse regularly are dying while trying to make it to the United States.  This is a tragic impact of the nation’s immigration enforcement policies that seems to not have penetrated the nation’s consciousness.</h3>
<h3 style=”color: inherit; font-family: &quot; noto serif&quot;,&quot;proxima-nova&quot;,serif; font-size: 24.5px; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 10px 0px;”> </h3>
<a class=”asset-img-link” href=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/.a/6a00d8341bfae553ef0240a4a7744a200c-pi” style=”display: inline;”><img alt=”Aila” border=”0″ class=”asset asset-image at-xid-6a00d8341bfae553ef0240a4a7744a200c img-responsive” src=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/.a/6a00d8341bfae553ef0240a4a7744a200c-800wi” title=”Aila”></a>
<h3 style=”color: inherit; font-family: &quot; noto serif&quot;,&quot;proxima-nova&quot;,serif; font-size: 24.5px; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 10px 0px;”>4. <a href=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/immigration/2019/04/inaugural-issue-of-aila-law-journal.html” style=”color: #007dbb; text-decoration: none; transition-delay: 0s; transition-duration: 0.3s; transition-property: color; transition-timing-function: ease-out;”>Inaugural Issue of AILA Law Journal</a> (Apr. 28):  The new <a href=”https://www.aila.org/publications/aila-law-journal”>American Immigration Lawyers Association Journal</a> focuses on cutting edge immigration law issues.</h3>
 
 
<iframe allow=”accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture” allowfullscreen=”” frameborder=”0″ height=”344″ src=”https://www.youtube.com/embed/sOep_B4Op88?feature=oembed” width=”459″></iframe>
<h3 style=”color: inherit; font-family: &quot; noto serif&quot;,&quot;proxima-nova&quot;,serif; font-size: 24.5px; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 10px 0px;”> 5.  <a href=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/immigration/2019/04/fox-apoogizes-for-grapic-trump-cuts-us-aid-to-3-mexican-countries.html” style=”color: #0088cc; outline-color: invert; outline-offset: -2px; outline-style: none; outline-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-delay: 0s; transition-duration: 0.3s; transition-property: color; transition-timing-function: ease-out;”>Fox Apologizes for Graphic: “Trump Cuts U.S. Aid to 3 Mexican Countries”</a> (Apr. 4):  No this is not a late April Fool’s Day joke.  You can’t make this stuff up.  The show “Fox & Friends” reported news of President Trump’s plans to reduce millions of dollars in aid to <a href=”https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the_americas/trump-plans-us-aid-cut-to-3-central-american-countries-as-fight-widens-over-us-bound-migrants/2019/03/30/d6814b42-52ff-11e9-bdb7-44f948cc0605_story.html?utm_term=.b0d5c5c9d7b4&tid=lk_inline_manual_4″ rel=”noopener” style=”border-bottom-color: #d5d5d5; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: #1955a5; text-decoration: none;” target=”_blank”>three Central American countries</a> for not doing enough to stem the stream of migrants to the United States.  As one commentator talked about the president “going full-court press on Mexico” and the co-host spoke of “cutting payments, aid payments, to El Salvador, Guatemala and Honduras,” a caption read “Trump Cuts U.S. Aid to 3 Mexican countries.”  This, of course, is a sad reflection on the state of education in the United States.</h3>
<h3 style=”color: inherit; font-family: &quot; noto serif&quot;,&quot;proxima-nova&quot;,serif; font-size: 24.5px; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 10px 0px;”> </h3>
<h3 style=”color: inherit; font-family: &quot; noto serif&quot;,&quot;proxima-nova&quot;,serif; font-size: 24.5px; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 10px 0px;”>Immigration Article of the Year<a href=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/immigration/2019/09/index.html#” style=”color: #007dbb; text-decoration: none; transition-delay: 0s; transition-duration: 0.3s; transition-property: color; transition-timing-function: ease-out;”></a></h3>
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<div class=”hidden-phone” style=”color: #222222; font-family: &quot; open sans&quot;,&quot;proxima-nova&quot;,&quot;helvetica neue&quot;,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;”>
<a class=”asset-img-link” href=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/.a/6a00d8341bfae553ef0240a48abb0a200c-pi” style=”color: #007dbb; display: inline; text-decoration: none; transition-delay: 0s; transition-duration: 0.3s; transition-property: color; transition-timing-function: ease-out;”><img alt=”Jain” border=”0″ class=”asset asset-image at-xid-6a00d8341bfae553ef0240a48abb0a200c img-responsive” src=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/.a/6a00d8341bfae553ef0240a48abb0a200c-800wi” style=”border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch; border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none; border-image-width: 1; height: auto; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; border: 0px none currentColor;” title=”Jain”></a>
<h1 style=”color: inherit; font-family: &quot; noto serif&quot;,&quot;proxima-nova&quot;,serif; font-size: 38.5px; font-weight: 400; line-height: 40px; margin: 10px 0px 10px 0px;”><a href=”https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3449559&dgcid=ejournal_htmlemail_immigration,:refugee:citizenship:law:ejournal_abstractlink” style=”color: #007dbb; text-decoration: none; transition-delay: 0s; transition-duration: 0.3s; transition-property: color; transition-timing-function: ease-out;”>The Interior Structure of Immigration Enforcement</a> by <a href=”https://law.duke.edu/fac/jain/” style=”color: #007dbb; text-decoration: none; transition-delay: 0s; transition-duration: 0.3s; transition-property: color; transition-timing-function: ease-out;”>Eisha Jain</a>, <a class=”btn-link” href=”https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3449559&dgcid=ejournal_htmlemail_immigration,:refugee:citizenship:law:ejournal_abstractlink##” style=”background-color: transparent; background-image: none; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; box-shadow: none; color: #0088cc; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; transition-delay: 0s; transition-duration: 0.3s; transition-property: color; transition-timing-function: ease-out; border-color: transparent;”>167 University of Pennsylvania Law Review 1463 (2019)</a>.  This article is a deep dive into immigration enforcement, going well beyond removals. <span style=”display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: #ffffff; color: #505050; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 22px; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;”>It calls for restructuring immigration enforcement to consider the full impact of enforcement in light of the impacts of the immigrants present in the United States. </h1>
 
 <a class=”asset-img-link” href=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/.a/6a00d8341bfae553ef0240a4a7f036200c-pi” style=”display: inline;”><img alt=”Park_K-Sue_1A-200×300″ border=”0″ class=”asset asset-image at-xid-6a00d8341bfae553ef0240a4a7f036200c img-responsive” src=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/.a/6a00d8341bfae553ef0240a4a7f036200c-800wi” title=”Park_K-Sue_1A-200×300″></a> 
<a href=”https://www.law.georgetown.edu/faculty/k-sue-park/”>K-Sue Park</a>
Honorable Mention: <strong style=”color: #222222; font-family: &quot; open sans&quot;,&quot;proxima-nova&quot;,&quot;helvetica neue&quot;,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;”>Self-Deportation Nation by <a href=”https://www.linkedin.com/in/k-sue-park-94126833/” style=”color: #007dbb; text-decoration: none; transition-delay: 0s; transition-duration: 0.3s; transition-property: color; transition-timing-function: ease-out;”>K-Sue Park</a><span style=”display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: ‘Open Sans’,’proxima-nova’,’Helvetica Neue’,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;”>, <a href=”https://harvardlawreview.org/2019/05/self-deportation-nation/” style=”color: #0088cc; font-family: &quot; open sans&quot;,&quot;proxima-nova&quot;,&quot;helvetica neue&quot;,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; outline-color: invert; outline-offset: -2px; outline-style: none; outline-width: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; transition-delay: 0s; transition-duration: 0.3s; transition-property: color; transition-timing-function: ease-out; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;”>132 Harvard Law Review 1878 (2019)</a>.  Besides writing an incredible article, Professor Park should be praised for convincing the editors of the venerable Harvard Law Review to publish an immigration article.  The article analyzes the long history of self deportation policies in the United States.
 
 <a class=”asset-img-link” href=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/.a/6a00d8341bfae553ef0240a4f5bcca200b-pi” style=”display: inline;”><img alt=”Shoba_wadhia_faculty2″ border=”0″ class=”asset asset-image at-xid-6a00d8341bfae553ef0240a4f5bcca200b img-responsive” src=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/.a/6a00d8341bfae553ef0240a4f5bcca200b-800wi” title=”Shoba_wadhia_faculty2″></a> 
<a href=”https://pennstatelaw.psu.edu/faculty/wadhia”>Shoba Sivaprasad Wadhia</a>
Honorable Mention: <a href=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/immigration/2019/11/immigration-article-of-the-day-immigration-litigation-in-the-time-of-trump-by-shoba-sivaprasad-wadhi-1.html” style=”color: #0088cc; font-family: &quot; noto serif&quot;,&quot;proxima-nova&quot;,serif; font-size: 24.5px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; outline-color: invert; outline-offset: -2px; outline-style: none; outline-width: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; transition-delay: 0s; transition-duration: 0.3s; transition-property: color; transition-timing-function: ease-out; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;”>Immigration Litigation in the Time of Trump by Shoba Sivaprasad Wadhia.  </a>How did Shoba keep up with all the challenges to Trump’s immigration policies?
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Book of the Year
 <a class=”asset-img-link” href=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/.a/6a00d8341bfae553ef0240a4f5035b200b-pi” style=”display: inline;”><img alt=”Gold” border=”0″ class=”asset asset-image at-xid-6a00d8341bfae553ef0240a4f5035b200b img-responsive” src=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/.a/6a00d8341bfae553ef0240a4f5035b200b-800wi” title=”Gold”></a> 
<a href=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/immigration/2019/06/on-thechinese-immigrants-who-changed-america.html” style=”outline: 0px; transition: color 0.3s ease-out; text-align: left; color: #0088cc; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; outline-offset: -2px;”>Ghosts of Gold Mountain: On the Chinese Immigrants Who Built the Transcontinental Railroad by Gordon H. Chang</a> (2019).  A groundbreaking history of the Chinese workers who built the Transcontinental Railroad, helping to forge modern America only to disappear into the shadows of history. I loved reading this book while vacationing in the Sierras, not far from where the Chinese workers once toiled on the railroad.  
 
 
 <a class=”asset-img-link” href=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/.a/6a00d8341bfae553ef0240a4a738f1200c-pi” style=”display: inline;”><img alt=”Erika” border=”0″ class=”asset asset-image at-xid-6a00d8341bfae553ef0240a4a738f1200c img-responsive” src=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/.a/6a00d8341bfae553ef0240a4a738f1200c-800wi” title=”Erika”></a> 
Honorable Mention:<a href=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/immigration/2019/11/from-the-bookshelves-america-for-americans-a-history-of-xenophobia-in-the-united-states-by-erika-lee.html” style=”outline: 0px; transition: color 0.3s ease-out; text-align: left; color: #0088cc; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; outline-offset: -2px;”> America</a><a href=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/immigration/2019/11/from-the-bookshelves-america-for-americans-a-history-of-xenophobia-in-the-united-states-by-erika-lee.html” style=”outline: 0px; transition: color 0.3s ease-out; text-align: left; color: #0088cc; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; outline-offset: -2px;”> for</a><a href=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/immigration/2019/11/from-the-bookshelves-america-for-americans-a-history-of-xenophobia-in-the-united-states-by-erika-lee.html” style=”outline: 0px; transition: color 0.3s ease-out; text-align: left; color: #0088cc; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; outline-offset: -2px;”> Americans:</a><a href=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/immigration/2019/11/from-the-bookshelves-america-for-americans-a-history-of-xenophobia-in-the-united-states-by-erika-lee.html” style=”outline: 0px; transition: color 0.3s ease-out; text-align: left; color: #0088cc; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; outline-offset: -2px;”> A History of Xenophobia in the United States by Erika Lee</a> (2019).  The time is perfect for reading a book on the history of xenophobia in the United States.  Will a supplement and pocket part be necessary?
 
 <a class=”asset-img-link” href=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/.a/6a00d8341bfae553ef0240a4f509a2200b-pi” style=”display: inline;”><img alt=”Prison” border=”0″ class=”asset asset-image at-xid-6a00d8341bfae553ef0240a4f509a2200b img-responsive” src=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/.a/6a00d8341bfae553ef0240a4f509a2200b-800wi” title=”Prison”></a> 
Honorable Mention: <a href=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/immigration/2019/06/from-the-bookshelves-migrating-to-prison-americas-obsession-with-locking-up-immigrants-by-c%C3%A9sar-cuau.html”>Migrating to Prison: America’s Obsession with Locking Up Immigrants by César Cuauhtémoc García Hernández</a> (2019).  After the events of the last few years, the entire nation should be considering the morality and policy-sense of mass immigrant detention.  Cesar Garcia’s book offers critical analysis on “America’s Obsession” with immigrant detention.
 
 
 <a class=”asset-img-link” href=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/.a/6a00d8341bfae553ef0240a4d05f48200d-pi” style=”display: inline;”><img alt=”Jose” border=”0″ class=”asset asset-image at-xid-6a00d8341bfae553ef0240a4d05f48200d img-responsive” src=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/.a/6a00d8341bfae553ef0240a4d05f48200d-800wi” title=”Jose”></a> 
 <a class=”asset-img-link” href=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/.a/6a00d8341bfae553ef0240a4f632c4200b-pi” style=”display: inline;”><img alt=”Pga” border=”0″ class=”asset asset-image at-xid-6a00d8341bfae553ef0240a4f632c4200b img-responsive” src=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/.a/6a00d8341bfae553ef0240a4f632c4200b-800wi” title=”Pga”></a> 
 
<iframe allow=”accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture” allowfullscreen=”” frameborder=”0″ height=”281″ src=”https://www.youtube.com/embed/kNxzoDwnfJA?feature=oembed” width=”500″></iframe>
 
<a href=”https://www.pgatour.com/players/player.32058.jose-de-jesus-rodriguez.html”>Immigrant Sportsman of the Year</a>
<p class=”small muted” style=”color: #999999; font-family: &quot; open sans&quot;,&quot;proxima-nova&quot;,&quot;helvetica neue&quot;,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;”><a href=”https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/José_de_Jesús_Rodríguez”><strong style=”text-align: left; color: #222222; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;”>José de Jesús Rodríguez Martínez</a><span style=”text-align: left; color: #222222; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; word-spacing: 0px; display: inline !important; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; float: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;”>, a <a href=”https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Professional_golfer” style=”background: none; text-align: left; color: #0645ad; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;” title=”Professional golfer”>professional golfer</a><span style=”text-align: left; color: #222222; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; word-spacing: 0px; display: inline !important; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; float: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;”>, currently plays on the <a href=”https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PGA_Tour” style=”background: none; text-align: left; color: #0645ad; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;” title=”PGA Tour”>PGA Tour</a><span style=”text-align: left; color: #222222; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; word-spacing: 0px; display: inline !important; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; float: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff;”>.  He grew up in poverty in <a class=”mw-redirect” href=”https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irapuato,_Mexico” style=”background: none; text-align: left; color: #0645ad; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;” title=”Irapuato, Mexico”>Irapuato, Mexico</a>. At age 12, he dropped out of school and began caddying full-time at <a href=”http://www.villasdeirapuato.com/club_de_golf.php”>Club de Golf Santa Margarita</a>. At age 15, Rodríguez crossed the Rio Grande and entered the United States. He worked in the United States for a decade, mostly as part of the maintenance crew at a country club in <a href=”https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fayetteville,_Arkansas” style=”background: none; text-align: left; color: #0645ad; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;” title=”Fayetteville, Arkansas”>Fayetteville, Arkansas</a>. Rodriguez then became a pro golfer.  See <a href=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/immigration/2019/02/the-most-unbelievable-story-in-golf-a-treacherous-border-crossing-was-just-the-beginning-of-jos%C3%A9-de-jes%C3%BAs-rodr%C3%ADguez.html” style=”color: #007dbb; text-decoration: none; transition-delay: 0s; transition-duration: 0.3s; transition-property: color; transition-timing-function: ease-out;”>‘The most unbelievable story in golf’: A treacherous border crossing was just the beginning of José de Jesús Rodríguez’s journey to the PGA Tour.</a>  The<a href=”https://www.golfchannel.com/”> Golf Channel</a> is working on a documentary about Jose Rodriguez.
 
Photo of the Year
I could not resist ending the year without recognizing this photograph:
 
<a class=”asset-img-link” href=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/.a/6a00d8341bfae553ef0240a4a70053200c-pi” style=”display: inline;”><img alt=”Hell” border=”0″ class=”asset asset-image at-xid-6a00d8341bfae553ef0240a4a70053200c image-full img-responsive” src=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/.a/6a00d8341bfae553ef0240a4a70053200c-800wi” title=”Hell”></a>
<p class=”small muted” style=”color: #999999; font-family: &quot; open sans&quot;,&quot;proxima-nova&quot;,&quot;helvetica neue&quot;,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;”>The photo was posted on March 3, 2019 in the post <a href=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/immigration/2019/03/a-sign-of-the-times-arkansas-church-insists-sign-saying-heaven-has-strict-immigration-laws-hell-has-.html” style=”color: #0088cc; outline-color: invert; outline-offset: -2px; outline-style: none; outline-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-delay: 0s; transition-duration: 0.3s; transition-property: color; transition-timing-function: ease-out;”>A Sign of the Times: Arkansas church sign — ‘heaven has strict immigration laws, hell has open borders’. </a>  
<p style=”color: #000000; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;”>In April, the photo that showed the world the cruelty of the Trump administration’s family separation policy, was honored with the World Photo of the Year Award.  See<a href=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/immigration/2019/04/crying-girl-on-teh-border-wins-world-photo-of-the-year-award.html” style=”transition: color 0.3s ease-out; text-align: left; color: #007dbb; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;”> “Crying Girl on the Border” Wins World Photo of the Year Award</a>.  This photo helped fuel the public outcry against family separation and led to the policy’s demise.
<p style=”color: #000000; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;”> 
<p style=”color: #000000; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;”><a class=”asset-img-link” href=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/.a/6a00d8341bfae553ef0240a4d05fdf200d-pi” style=”display: inline;”><img alt=”Index2″ border=”0″ class=”asset asset-image at-xid-6a00d8341bfae553ef0240a4d05fdf200d image-full img-responsive” src=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/.a/6a00d8341bfae553ef0240a4d05fdf200d-800wi” title=”Index2″></a>
<a href=”https://www.huffpost.com/entry/world-press-photo-award-winner-crying-girl-border_n_5caf536ae4b0308735d613c7″><span style=”display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: #ffffff; color: #a1a1a1; font-family: ‘ProximaNova’; font-size: 0.87rem; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0.02rem; orphans: 2; text-align: right; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;”>John Moore/Getty Images/World Press Photo</a>
 
Film Landmark
<p class=”small muted” style=”color: #999999; font-family: &quot; open sans&quot;,&quot;proxima-nova&quot;,&quot;helvetica neue&quot;,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;”> 
<p class=”small muted” style=”color: #999999; font-family: &quot; open sans&quot;,&quot;proxima-nova&quot;,&quot;helvetica neue&quot;,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;”> <a class=”asset-img-link” href=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/.a/6a00d8341bfae553ef0240a4d05f5b200d-pi” style=”display: inline;”><img alt=”Elnorte” border=”0″ class=”asset asset-image at-xid-6a00d8341bfae553ef0240a4d05f5b200d image-full img-responsive” src=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/.a/6a00d8341bfae553ef0240a4d05f5b200d-800wi” title=”Elnorte”></a> 
<p class=”small muted” style=”color: #999999; font-family: &quot; open sans&quot;,&quot;proxima-nova&quot;,&quot;helvetica neue&quot;,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;”> 
<iframe allow=”accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture” allowfullscreen=”” frameborder=”0″ height=”281″ src=”https://www.youtube.com/embed/jPoqBCvyG9k?feature=oembed” width=”500″></iframe>
<h3 style=”color: inherit; font-family: &quot; noto serif&quot;,&quot;proxima-nova&quot;,serif; font-size: 24.5px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 10px 0px;”>2019 marked the 35th anniversary of <a href=”https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/immigration/2019/09/at-the-movies-el-norte-a-35th-anniversary-event.html” style=”color: #007dbb; text-decoration: none; transition-delay: 0s; transition-duration: 0.3s; transition-property: color; transition-timing-function: ease-out;”>the classic refugee film El Norte.</a>  The film tells the powerful story of a young Guatemalan brother and ister who fled the war-torn nation and journeyed to the United States.  <a href=”https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Norte_(film)”>It is a true classic</a>.  Sadly, El Norte remains topical today as Central Americans continue to come to the United States seeking asylum from violence in their homelands.</h3>
KJ

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About The Author 
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<img title=”Kevin Johnson” itemprop=”image” src=”https://www.ilw.com/articles/johnson.jpg” alt=”Kevin Johnson” width=”100″ hspace=”10″ align=”left”>
<a href=”https://law.ucdavis.edu/faculty/johnson/” target=”_blank”>Kevin Johnson</a> is Dean, Mabie-Apallas Professor of Public Interest Law, and Professor of Chicana/o Studies. He joined the UC Davis law faculty in 1989 and was named Associate Dean for Academic Affairs in 1998. Johnson became Dean in 2008. He has taught a wide array of classes, including immigration law, civil procedure, complex litigation, Latinos and Latinas and the law, and Critical Race Theory. In 1993, he was the recipient of the law school’s Distinguished Teaching Award.Dean Johnson has published extensively on immigration law and civil rights. Published in 1999, his book How Did You Get to Be Mexican? A White/Brown Man’s Search for Identity was nominated for the 2000 Robert F. Kennedy Book Award. Dean Johnson’s latest book, Immigration Law and the US-Mexico Border (2011), received the Latino Literacy Now’s International Latino Book Awards – Best Reference Book. Dean Johnson blogs at ImmigrationProf, and is a regular contributor on immigration on SCOTUSblog. A regular participant in national and international conferences, Dean Johnson has also held leadership positions in the Association of American Law Schools and is the recipient of an array of honors and awards. He is quoted regularly by the New York Times, Los Angeles Times, and other national and international news outlets. 

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